Elixirs For Your Memory Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Elixirs For You Memory Essay, Research Paper ? Elixirs For Your Memory: The blitz is on for gingko and other herbal merchandises, but are they panaceas or placebos? ? -Time Magazine September 13,1999 Recently, everyplace you turn, you see or hear about new herbal redresss used for bettering one? s memory and concentration. One more often discussed is Ginkgo Biloba. It is an herbal substance that offers hope for bettering memory, concentration and encephalon maps. Ginkgo Biloba is a derivative of a leafy cosmetic tree that originated in eastern China. It is said to increase blood flow to the encephalon, bettering watchfulness and concentration ( Drummond, September 13,1999 ) . Although many people who are presently taking this medicine swear by it, who truly knows if it does better encephalon maps or if it is merely a placebo? The article? Elixirs For Your Memory? discusses the latest information sing Gingko Biloba. At big, most research workers are still diffident about the medicine. We will write a custom essay sample on Elixirs For Your Memory Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many feel that extended probe and experimentation is still needed before trusty consequences can be established. Yet, on the other side, traditional therapists have no uncertainties about Gingko Biloba and believe that it has been used in Chinese medical specialty for old ages working admirations for it? s receiving systems. Obviously, the makers of these medicines besides believe that the medical specialty is a success for bettering encephalon maps. If you were to inquire a memory expert his or her sentiment about Gingko Biloba, the most likely reply would be that they are disbelieving about it and other encephalon supporters ( Drummond, September 13,1999 ) . ? Most of these merchandises have non be investigated to any important extent that would justify the claims that are being made, ? says Doctor Ronald Peterson, a neuroscientist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. ? Other research workers are even more to the point. All the media, they say is simply a instance of a placebo consequence run amok: people want their memories to acquire better, so they do. Give them a sugar pill, and they likely wouldn? T know the difference? ( Drummond, September 13, 1999 ) . Many persons are concerned with the recent liking taken toward these medical specialties. One concern comes from authorities research workers. Their concern is that 1000000s of people are steeping addendums without any thought what the substance side effects are, whether positive or negative. ? The National Institutes of Health is set abouting a survey of the effects of Gingko Biloba on aged people with mild memory damage, but it will be old ages before consequences are in? ( Drummond, September 13, 1999 ) . Consumers of such merchandises have small to travel on other than the maker? s claims and inconclusive research. Even more alarming, Gingko Biloba and other substances are non regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. The authority and pureness of the merchandises vary from trade name to trade name. At that, who reads labels any longer before starting foreign substances into their oral cavities? Many utilizations of these substances haven? t the slightest thought what they are devouring and what the does and wear? Ts are while taking the medical specialty. One Don? Ts involved with Gingko Biloba is that persons who are taking acetylsalicylic acid or other blood dilutants should foremost confer with their doctor before get downing the merchandise. The ground is because Gingko Biloba contains anticlotting features ; when it is taken in combination with blood dilutants it can do internal hemorrhage ( Drummond, September 13, 1999 ) . One facet is by and large agreed on, there is non plenty known about memory substances to measure the possible hazards. Most research so far has been conducted on worlds enduring from Alzheimer? s disease or on laboratory animate beings such as mice. Scientists are now merely get downing to carry on research on how the memory reacts to the natural ripening procedure. It is a batch more complex than people assume and it is traveling to take a batch of clip inorder to happen replies to memory loss and ways to forbid it. One twenty-four hours it possibly rather possible to take a medicine to forestall memory loss or Alzheimer? s disease. Until so, ? Experts suggest following the phrase Use it or Lose it. By merely reading a book or work outing a crossword mystifier on a regular footing can make admirations, even if it is non clear why? ( Drummond, September 13, 1999 ) . In drumhead, the article suggests that taking substances may non be the best thing to make at this point in clip. Much more research and probe is needed before jumping into a substance dependence. The best advice is to merely utilize your memory so that it doesn? t fade off. Medical Diaries sometimes tend to differ with what information the general public receives from the media refering medical informations and finds. As it relates to the article about Ginkgo Biloba, the medical diaries seem to hold a somewhat different sentiment about the utilizations of herbal substances. The general thought in the medical diaries is that there is non adequate information on these herbal substances to do an educational determination. Having the cognition of the substance uses and its possible side effects is indispensable to enable doctors to order medicines that are most effectual for his or her patients. Yet, one facet that was non included in the article is informations sing the latest surveies being conducted to better understand herbal substances. Many surveies that are presently being conducted in the USA and Europe suggest assuring consequences refering the usage of Gingko Biloba. The consequences are uncovering that Gingko Biloba infusion is an effectual therapy for a assortment of perturbations of intellectual maps. Some bettering consequences from these surveies are improved memory loss, attending and watchfulness. Another survey suggests that Gingko Biloba infusion may assist grownups get by with the emphasis that they face on a day-to-day footing in their lives. Harmonizing to yet another survey, the hereafter of Gingko Biloba is doubtless in the promise of decelerating down Alzheimer? s disease. So far, scientists have been able to decelerate down Alzheimer? s disease by six months clip in clinical trails ( Clostre F, July 1999 ) . In comparing the media article? Elixirs For Your Memory? and the medical diaries, it can be concluded that the information provided by the media is true. The article suggests that Gingko Biloba may hold assuring consequences as does the medical diaries. However, one facet that is different between the two is that the media article does non incorporate many animating properties that are found in the medical diaries. If the reader were merely to read the article, he or she would likely be convinced that Gingko Biloba doesn? T hold much hope in the hereafter. It doesn? t include any information about the current surveies that are taking topographic point that suggest that Gingko Biloba will hold a promising consequence in the hereafter. The medical diaries portion penetrations on remedies, utilizations and benefits that Gingko Biloba may convey approximately, such as bettering emphasis degrees that grownup? s face in their day-to-day lives and on decelerating down the effects of Alzheim er? s disease. The media article concentrates more on the ruins of taking the medicine at this point in clip. What is says though is non false. From both the media article and the medical diaries, it is suggested that it is likely non the best thought to take any substances at this point in clip, unless a physician prescribes it. Both agree more clip and research is needed before consumers begin taking any medicines. Overall, the media article is a small unjust as it regards to devouring Gingko Biloba. Alternatively of merely discoursing the substance at big and speaking about the possible ruins of taking the medicine, the article should hold included some information about the current undergoing surveies. It would let people to hold a broader thought of what is traveling on in the medical universe. It would likely put people? s heads at easiness cognizing that there is assuring hope in the hereafter for interventions that will assist the ineluctable memory loss that unluckily comes with old age. Many persons are greatly concerned and scared about memory loss such as Alzheimer? s disease. Knowing that possibly, if merely a little opportunity, these persons will non hold to meet it sets many heads at easiness. Hopefully the hereafter holds many finds and remedies for memory loss and mental stableness. But until so, one? s best stake is likely to loosen up, utilize your memory every bit much as possible and bask it. The manner people worry themselves about issues that are out of their control merely makes things more hard on the head and organic structure. Drummond, Tammerlin. ? Elixirs For Your Mind: The blitz is on for gingko and other herb tea merchandises, but are they panaceas or placebos? ? Time Magazine 154 ( 1999 ) : 60-61. Clostre, F. ? Ginkgo biloba infusion ( Egb 761 ) . State of cognition in the morning of the twelvemonth 2000. ? Ann Pharm Fr 1999 July ; 57 Suppl 1: 1S8-88. Ness J, Sherman FT, Pan CX. ? Alternate medical specialty: what the informations say about common herb tea therapies. ? Geriatricss 1999 Oct ; 54 ( 10 ) : 33-8, 40, 43.

Information Security Risk Assessment †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Information Security Risk Assessment. Answer: Introduction Information security match with the risk management process that tends to identify the assets, threat sources, vulnerabilities and the potential impacts of other possible controls. In order to standardize this, there is guidance based on industry standards on password, firewall and the encryption software with legal liabilities for the training standards. Being the Information Security Manager of ABC organization, I have been asked by CISO to review the breach incidents and analyze the trends. With this, I have to focus on the policy development and assessment of the risks, contingency planning, and operational planning in an effective manner. Being the Information Security Manager, my major focus is on reviewing the global security breach and examine the threats which can have a major impact on the organization functioning. The limitations for CISOs is the signature-based patterns where the sheer volume of new malware is created daily. The lack of scalability and non-supporting distributed environment. The major focus is on the compliance which is a static event and is intrusion centric to handle the threats and protect the data. (Soomro et al., 2016) The report will discuss the different recommendations and the management measures which are required to handle the threats. The risk-based development and security policy structure is discussed with policy development process focusing on the business and the other organizational requirements. Analysis of Information Security Incidents for 5 years There was a Petra cyber attack on the company, where the ransomware hit the servers in Australia where the people had to face issues related to the loss of data. The malicious or the criminal attacks were seen to be the primary causes for the breach. The information security breach with Krebs on Security by point-of-sale credit card used. The Dun Bradstreet incident happened in 2017, where most of the marketing database with the different corporate contacts were shared over the web (Peltier, 2016). The next security incident was Gmail users in the company were targeted with the sophisticated phishing scam which was seeking the gain in the access to the accounts through the third-party application. The emails were loosed as if they came from the trusted contact and then notified the individual that they wanted to share a Google Doc with the people. DocuSign Attack where the customers and the users were mainly targeted by the phishing attacks of malware. It includes the breach of one system where one could obtain the email address and no other personal information. The hackers then used this email address to mainly conducting the malicious email campaigns where the DocuSign branded message was then sent for the prompted recipients to click and download the Microsoft Word document (Nazareth et al., 2015). Threats which has potential threats to your organisation. Some of the major threats which seems to be an issue for the development are: There is a possibility of exploiting the known vulnerabilities, with crimes as a service with ready to use kits for ransomware. The increased sophistication will then be used for the high-value networks. The critical infrastructure is likely to populate the target for the sophisticated attacks with supply chain targeting that tends to continue as the third party works over the weak links and handling the outsourcing arrangements mainly at a higher risk. The management of the service providers will tend to continue with attractive targets which have a higher number of customers, connectivity as well as the customer access for the networks and the data (Ab Rahman Choo, 2015). IoT (Internet of Things) will tend to create risks with pressure on the consumers for the manufacturing which includes certain security controls. The explosion of threats, privacy, and the ethical concerns are the major concern for big data with stringent global regulations where the huge demands are based on the security professionals with the evolvement of certain grounded expertise. Propose and Discuss the management measures to overcome them In order to overcome the issues, the physical security (security of the physical assets and the workplace threats), operational security, communication security needs to be managed properly. According to CNSS (Committee on National Security Model), they help in maintaining the gap in coverage of Information Security Program. The use of CIA triangle focusses on maintaining the confidentiality, integrity and the availability of privacy, identification and the authentication system stability (Tsohou et al., 2015). For the confidentiality, The secured documentation and the storage of data, cryptography, education of information custodians is important. Integrity includes the stability of access or error control. The availability of the authorized users could be maintained through backups, up-gradation of the system and recovery of disaster. The privacy could be maintained through access control and policies. The authentication and identification through the use of certain cryptographic certifications. The authorisation is to handle the access, modification, or the deletion of information. There is a need for focusing on the information security strategic planning so that one can handle the mitigation, transferring, acceptance or avoidance of information which is related to the people risks, process and technologies (Safa et al., 2016). The planning will focus on the short-term focus with increased monitoring of the other external connections. The budgeting, resource allocation, and the personal details are critical to the tactical planning which includes the security strategies like monitoring the external connection, associated risks with increased connectivity and handling the security hardening process. The strategy will help in redundancy for the critical production system with improved availability of the services as well. The customer facing issues are set in accordance to the security standards in order to replace the network bridges with the switches to rebuild a better customer application which will allow the business to be relocated inside the organization with the trusted network (Fenz et al., 2014). The planning for the strategic implementation includes the tactical and the operational security plans which are based on handling the development where the Information Security Governance focus on determining the standards which measure progress towards the better achievements. It also includes the accountabilities and the methods for the proper measurement of progress with verification of risks management practices. The driving force for SDLC is depending upon the event driven programs where the employees, customers and the other stakeholders need to work on the structured review planning (Baskerville et al., 2014). Recommendations Being the Security Manager of the ABC Company, I have to also keep a check on the configuration of the firewalls and the IDPs, implementation of the security software, and the diagnosis of troubleshooting problems. This will help in coordinating the system and other network administrators to make sure that the security is controlled and implemented in an effective manner, at an entry-level position. The security policies are required to handle the seem like the Enterprise Information, Issue-Specific, and the System Specific policies. They are also important for matching with the general standards and IT security. For the security from phishing attacks, there is a need for awareness section, security controls and the incident response where the CRM implementations are done effectively through the contractual agreements and proper access control. The physical security is based on the designing, implementation and the maintenance which is important to protect the physical resources it i ncludes the hardware and the other data element support with the focus on operating and then maintaining the systems in an effective manner. Conclusion For handling the security issues in my organization, there is a need to handle the risk management programs. This can be done through proper planning, allocation of the budget and schedule, risk probability, and impact with proper tracking risks management activities. There are different processes and the procedures based on handling the sensitive transmission, processing, and storage (Shameli et al., 2016). This could be through properly identifying the threat and handling the potential to work on the information gathering techniques which include the brainstorming, Delphi Technique, Interviewing and the Root-Cause Analysis. The checklists analysis and the assumptions are made to determine the influence diagrams with better output risk register. References Ab Rahman, N.H. and Choo, K.K.R., 2015. A survey of information security incident handling in the cloud.Computers Security,49, pp.45-69. Baskerville, R., Spagnoletti, P. and Kim, J., 2014. Incident-centered information security: Managing a strategic balance between prevention and response.Information Management,51(1), pp.138-151. Fenz, S., Heurix, J., Neubauer, T. and Pechstein, F., 2014. Current challenges in information security risk management.Information Management Computer Security,22(5), pp.410-430. Nazareth, D.L. and Choi, J., 2015. A system dynamics model for information security management.Information Management,52(1), pp.123-134. Peltier, T.R., 2016.Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Safa, N.S., Von Solms, R. and Furnell, S., 2016. Information security policy compliance model in organizations.Computers Security,56, pp.70-82. Shameli-Sendi, A., Aghababaei-Barzegar, R. and Cheriet, M., 2016. Taxonomy of information security risk assessment (ISRA).Computers security,57, pp.14-30. Soomro, Z.A., Shah, M.H. and Ahmed, J., 2016. Information security management needs more holistic approach: A literature review.International Journal of Information Management,36(2), pp.215-225. Tsohou, A., Karyda, M. and Kokolakis, S., 2015. Analyzing the role of cognitive and cultural biases in the internalization of information security policies: recommendations for information security awareness programs.Computers security,52, pp.128-141.

Six Sigma Process to Increase Efficiency

Introduction Six Sigma can be described as a process which increases efficiency and decreases defects in production or operational processes with the end goal being an overall reduction in costs for the company in terms of resources saved. Taking this into consideration any company that suffers from consumer complaints regarding product quality can benefit from implementing various aspects of Six Sigma into their operational structure.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Six Sigma Process to Increase Efficiency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand what isn’t outright stated is the fact that Six Sigma can be thought of as a constraining and limiting form of management since it requires products, services and methods of operation to conform to singular overriding plan that emphasizes a particular method of performance in order to achieve a certain end goal. Problems with Six Sigma This means that i t at times limits management methods related to initiative, thinking outside the box or utilizing methods of management that aren’t necessarily a part of the company’s original management procedure. Based on this it becomes a question of whether Six Sigma management methods are a necessity instead of an option in a company’s operational structure. In the case example provided it can be seen that high product defect rates reported by consumers necessitates the need for significant process change and as such it can be seen that the implementation of Six Sigma in this particular case is a necessity in order to improve product quality and thus a company’s brand image. Changes that will occur Through the use of Six Sigma it is expected that daily operations within the company will undergo drastic changes in the form of increases to efficiency and reductions in resource wasting operations. This would involve department restructuring, removing redundant teams or operations, distributing roles among existing staff so as to increase human resource utilization without having to hire more workers as well as the implementation of new production overseeing processes to ensure compliance to new standards. Approaches to new projects under the new Six Sigma process would have to coincide with how adaptive such projects can become with the company’s new style of operations, whether they can be implemented quickly, efficiently and at low cost and how to ensure compliance with Six Sigma processes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overall it is expected that my management style and method of deductive methodology will actually be severely limited in terms of utilizing methods outside of established company operational procedures as dictated by Six Sigma. In fact it is expected that across the entirety of the company’s management st ructure decisions and methods of operational implementation will take on a â€Å"top – down† structure of management resulting in limited freedom in decision making however this should increase operational efficiency and reduce product defects. From a certain perspective thought it can be stated that the use of Six Sigma cannot be considered entirely good for the company. Its confining and regimented use of statistics and metrics turns employees into numbers rather than people. In a way it can be stated that the Six Sigma process stifles creativity in favor of efficiency which cannot be considered the best possible process in which to proceed in a technology oriented business environment where innovation is prized above all else. In fact the very company that started the Six Sigma process â€Å"Motorola† failed to capitalize on changing smart phone technologies and innovations within the past decade resulting in its rivals such as Nokia and Apple, which place gr eater emphasis on innovation, effectively reducing Motorola’s market share to a third of what it used to be (Colvin, 2011). It is based on this that while I do agree that greater efficiency and reduction of wasteful resource utilization is an advantage for the company the fact remains that regimented and procedure oriented methods of management cannot be considered an ideal process to be implemented in light of current market trends where there are fewer barriers to entry and the need for constant innovation. As such this necessitates the implementation of certain vertical and horizontal management processes instead of a regimented top down approach.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Six Sigma Process to Increase Efficiency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference Colvin, G. (2011). Motorola’s Uphill Battle. Fortune International (Europe), 164(1), 34. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. This essay on Six Sigma Process to Increase Efficiency was written and submitted by user Barbara Berry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Solution that Impacts essays

A Solution that Impacts essays Gandhi is probably the most well known non-violent protester of all times, followed by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Kings views on non-violence are all to clear in his I Have a Dream speech, where King said, We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Another passage of the same speech said, We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline, which shows that King didnt want his followers to lead undignified, violent protests (VanderMey). King knew that if the protests they led were violent then the police would just come and arrest the protesters and use violence against them, whereas if protesters used non-violence and then the police used violence the public would catch wind of the event and become interested or at least sympathetic. These non-violent protests were and are still effective due to the calm manner used in trying to talk situations out and come up with a conclusion. The first nonviolent protest that King led was the Montgomery bus boycott. This started with Rosa Parks arrest. Most everyone knows of this event, but not all know that it lead to Martin Luther King, Jr.s active role in protests for African American civil rights. With the success of the bus boycott, King realized the need for a way to unite all blacks for civil rights. He set out to organize the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, or the SCLC, which allowed blacks to gather and discuss issues as well as set up a base for King to speak in the south (Martin). Later, in 1960, King moved to Atlanta to preach at the same church as his father. This place allowed King to dedicate more time to the civil rights movement and to the SCLC. Another protest of importance is the one for desegregation of lunch counters. College students asked King to support them, and them the police arrested King as well as others. From jail in Birmingham, King wrote a let...

Is the American Dream Over Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is the American Dream Over - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  the opportunity to become a rich and successful citizen is influenced by the level of education. Here we can trace the main manifestations of inequality, which influence the future of the country and people. Rich people appear in advanced position. Good education in the USA costs much; therefore, the possibilities of a child to receive this education directly depend on the prosperity and the education level of his parents. It’s hard for the parents to earn decent money without good education. The vicious circle appears as a result. The prospects of any American depend on the income and education of his/her parents more, than the prospects of a resident of almost any other developed country. On the other hand, many people think that income inequality is not a problem and the American dream is not so important for America.  This paper highlights that  the most disappointing thing is that the rich are sure that they should live better, beca use they deserve it as they managed to earn money. Such ideas worsen the situation. In the last decades America chose the political agenda that left the most vulnerable sectors of society behind. The growing concentration of wealth and considerable decrease of taxes on it did not allow investing in education and protection of children. The unemployment rate among the schools graduates is growing rapidly. One more indicator of population distress significantly grew: the frequency of use of various discounts and benefits.

Joseph Nyes Rise of Chana and American Power Coursework

Joseph Nyes Rise of Chana and American Power - Coursework Example In brief, the good relationship dipped since the people of China perceived the recession as a decline of USA and their subsequent rise therefore they ascended to super power position. Absolute decline refers to a situation where there is decay or complete exhaustion while relative decline in its part is where the resources present in another country are used more efficiently and effectively. He mentioned that Asia and China in the past housed close to 70% of world population thereby contributing to the market. In recent years, most of the world population still live in Asia and China yet approximately 20% of world products come from Asia. Thus, it is a return because Asia and China seeks to meet its past contribution to the market by balancing it population and ability. He mentions that too little power like calories is wrong since t can make one to expire or perish. On the other hand, too much power does not represent goodness just like calories in human

Discussing Pregnancy And Motherhood Privileges Social Work Essay

Discussing Pregnancy And Motherhood Privileges Social Work Essay Pregnancy and motherhood is a significant part of womens lives. In fact, motherhood is a privilege that only women can experience. However, not all women feel privileged about becoming a mother. Knowles and Cole (1990) suggest that there is an increasing number of cases wherein soon-to-be mothers are not happy about their pregnancy either because of their current marital relationship, the biological father of the baby is not responsible enough to give emotional and financial support, or simply because they have negative past experiences such as being sexually or physically abused by their own parents, brothers, or relatives (Knowles and Cole 1990). Due to high incidence of unhappy pregnant women and mothers, the number of female perversion also increases. Sexual abuse towards children or the act of inflicting harm towards her own body or the childs body is considered as female perversion in the sense that sexually abusing her own children, inflicting harm towards ones own body or her childs body is totally the opposite of the true concept of motherhood and femininity. Welldon (2008) argues that female perversion is often expressed by inflicting self-destructive harm caused by biological or hormonal disorders that normally affects their reproductive meaning (Welldon 2008). Unlike male perversion, researchers highlight that female perversion aims at causing physical harm against their own body or against the objects that they created, including their babies (Welldon 2008; Springer-Kremser et al. 2003; Richards 1990). Motz (2001) acknowledges that there are many ways in which female perversion could cause physical harm towards her own body. Since perverse women identify their own body as their mothers body, perverse women is capable of a ttacking their own body through self-mutilation or self-starvation (Motz 2001). Other signs of perverse women include, as Balsam (2008) and Somers and Block (2005) note are: the act of exhibitionism wherein the woman shows off her body as a way of showing her active sex life and pleasure they get during procreation and sexual promiscuity ( Balsam 2008; Somers and Block 2005). In the case of perverse mothers, Banning (1989) explains that they attack their own children as a way of expressing their violent revenge (Banning 1989). Various researchers note that perverse mothers are often guilty of infanticide, unlawful abortion, and concealing a birth (Fraser 2008; Spinelli 2004; Tekell 2001; Boswell 1984). Boswell (1984) suggest that infanticide cases normally occurs when the mother abandon their infant in outdoor places in order him or her to die from hypothermia, animal attack, hunger, or dehydration (Boswell 1984). In some cases, as Spinelli (2004) highlights, infanticide can also happen by intentionally suffocating the infant using a pillow or drowning the infant in a bathtub (Spinelli 2004). Spinelli (2004) and Tekell (2001) argue that that regardless of whether maternal infanticide cases happened because of postpartum mental illness or psychosis, schizophrenia, or purely because of neglect on the part of the mother or carer ,infanticide outside the concept of mental illness is clearly a crime under the law (Spinelli 2004; Tekell 2001). Postpartum mental illness or psychosis is a kind of mental illness that can occur because of too much blood flow that passes through the brain (Meyer, Proano and Franz 1999;Cox 1988). In some cases, as Rapaport (2006) highlights, the practice of lactation could become a ground for mental disturbances among mothers who has just given birth to a baby (Rapaport 2006). Fraser (2008) also argues that biological and hormonal imbalances cause significant changes in the mood such as agitation, delirium, and delusions on the part of the mothers (Fraser 2008). Aside from biological or hormonal disorders, other common factors that can trigger female perversion, as researchers suggest, include the early exposure to maternal abuse and neglect, alcoholism, the use of illegal drugs, and stress related to socio-economic problems (Barnett 2006; Motz 2001). Peter (2008) suggests that when a young girl is physically or sexually abused or neglected in the past, the future relationship of the abused might lead to confusion between the appropriate and inappropriate sexual activity, especially if the relationship is an abusive one. Since the negative experience with man could further damage their self-image and psychological functioning, the victims ability to become good mother will also negatively affected (Peter 2008). Barnett (2006) also notes that childhood experiences such as a young girl who failed to receive emotional support from mothers and fathers could grow up feeling devastated about their life. Because of their strong desire to rebel, some women may end up becoming unwed mothers only to prove their femininity or their ability to become more superior than another person in this case, their own children (Barnett 2006). In line with this, other studies, Barnett (2006) and Welldon (1991), highlight that young girls who were sexual ly abused or emotionally deprived by their mothers often end up as prostitutes as a way of revenge. Authors also suggest that such mothers with psychological imbalance will intentionally inflict physical harm on their children (Barnett 2006; Welldon 1991). Welldon (1991) also explains that perverse mothers can either be a facilitator someone who is capable of adapting to the childs needs; or regulator the type of mother who anticipate that their baby is capable of adapting to their own needs , which the second type leading more to physical abuse of children (Welldon 1991). Society in general perceves mothers as a role models to their children, loving, nurturing. As part of being a role model, ideal mothers should refrain from the use of illegal substances,alcohol and smoking addictions. Aside from molding, educating, and nurturing their children to become good citizens, ideal mothers are expected to make their children happy and confident by instilling only good values in their minds. In other words, the role of ideal mothers are not limited in feeding their children but also to make them feel that they are loved by not being selfish. Every woman, on other hand, desires to be accepted socially as a good mother.In line with the strong desire to be accepted in public, the act of idealizing motherhood may lead to denial of female perversion. As it was highlighted previuosly, perverse mothers are capable of sexually abusing or physically harming their own children due of their negative childhood experiences. By strictly idealizing the concept of motherhood in our society, there is a strong possibility for perverse mothers will deny participating in any forms of such actions. As mentioned in the previous statement, various researchers suggest that female perversion can be noted when there is alarmingly disturbed relationship between the mother and her infant, mother and son, or mother and daughter (Peter 2008; Hetherton 1999; Banning 1989). In line with this, women who have been neglected or deprived of love in the past or were sexually abused, could make them capable of sexually abusing their own children. Although the possibility wherein perverse mothers could sexually abuse their children is high, Motz (2001) highlights that these type of cases are often under-reported because of the complex relationship or emotional attachment that is present between the mothers and children. The absence of concrete evidences, it would be difficult to prove that a perverse mother is indeed punishing their children physically or sexually especially when the child is too young to talk and defend themselves against their abusive mothers (Motz 2001). As a part of idealizi ng motherhood and femininity, the idea wherein perverse mothers are abusing their own children physically or sexually is totally not acceptable within our society. As a result of idealizing motherhood and femininity, there is a strong possibility wherein perverse women are more likely to deny their act of perversion in order to protect themselves from being humiliated and judged by the public as irresponsible, immoral, and/or cruel mothers. For this reason, Hetherton (1999) and Banning (1989) argue that idealization of women could result to more under-reported cases especially with regards to criminal issues wherein female perpetrators would sexually abuse a child (Hetherton 1999; Banning 1989). Researchers studies suggest that womens past and unresolved experiences of being sexually abused during her childhood days can make them prone to inferiority complex which makes her an easy victim of abusive men (Balsam 2008; Springer-Kremser et al. 2003). In line with this, a good example is drawn by Motz (2001) where a perverse mother wherein becomes as an accessory of sexually abusing her own children, when the husband coerced the wife to encourage 7 and 10 year-olds, sexually abused victims, to masturbate the husband while the wife was taking pictures (Motz 2001). We can suggest that in case these two children refused to participate in the sexual activity with the father, either the mother or the father would physically harm the children for disobedience. There is also a strong tendency for both parents to threaten these children not to inform other people about the sexual activity that happened between them. Given that the society strictly idealizes the concept of motherhood, pe rverse mothers will continuously deny their willingness to abuse their children physically or sexually as a way of protecting themselves from becoming involved in child abuse cases. Based on the given example, it is possible on the part of the perverse mother to claim that it was the husband who made her encourage children to perform illicit sexual activities with the couple. For this reason, as we may suggest, it is the husband who is more likely to face the legal consequences or punishment for engaging children to participate in illegal sexual activities as compared to the perverse mother. According to Welldon (1991), perversion in motherhood is possible when society denies mothers perversion and idealises being a mother. Author further agrues that due to sexual or social politics, some women are not treated as a complete human beings because they were not born as men. By not allowing women to feel completely as human beings, there is a greater chance wherein of emotional instability leading mother to result in perverse motherhood (Welldon 1991). Considering the cases of maternal infanticide, Rapaport (2006) explained that the law in UK has a distinctive legislation with regards to the act of killing infants and young children by their own mothers. In line with this, women who are proven victims of biological or hormonal disturbance caused by immaturity or unfavorable circumstances such as rape cases are qualified for settled law. For this reason, women who are guilty of maternal infanticide are free from death penalty. Under the Britishs infanticide statute of 1922 and 1938, mothers who are guilty of killing their infant or children because of postpartum mental illnesses or psychosis are exempted from capital punishment related to murder. Author further acknowledge us the legal charges that are most likely to be imposed on the accused mothers will be reduced to manslaughter provided that there are enough biological evidence to prove that the accused mothers are going through postpartum-related mental disorder. Instead of sen ding the accused mothers to prison, perverse mothers who happened to be convicted of killing their infants due to post-partum syndromes are mandated to undergo hospitalization for necessary treatments (Rapaport 2006). In relation to the case of maternal infanticide, Card (2002) explained that evil actions can be classified as either intolerable harm or culpable wrongdoing (Card 2002:4). Since conscience plays a significant factor which enables us to act good deeds and avoid those that are evil, each person should be free from mental illnesses when judging whether a human action is morally good or bad (Card 2002). Card (2002) suggest that those women who are suffering from postpartum mental illness or psychosis, should not be classified as perverse female simply because they are not mentally capable of determining what is right from wrong at the time they had committed a crime. Infanticide caused by postpartum mental illness and psychosis should never be considered as an intentional crime. For this reason, the level of legal punishment imposed on postpartum mothers who are accused of infanticide should be different from perverse mothers who are guilty of intentionally inflicting physical or sexual harm on their children (Card 2002). West and Lichtenstein (2006) also draw a good exaple of criminalization of Andrea Yates case who drowned her five children in the bathtub and was inicially convinced for capital murder, who later on was found guilty of insanity and eventually was moved to state mental hospital. Authors argue that societys myths and perceptions about perfect mothehood plays a great role in womens lives and stigmatizes those whos behavoir is unnatural and deviant. Aside from taboo and stigma, society also dont take into account the role of women;s daily activities, which as authors argue, lead to double shift both at home and at work which often result in emotional and physical stress and therefore could escallate to murder of a child (West and Lichte nstein 2006). Although it is possible that the act of idealizing motherhood could lead to denial of female perversion, it is by no doubt that justice will always prevail. Even though perverse mothers are capable of denying the act of harming their children physically or sexually, the local authorities can still gather concrete evidences from the victims of child abuse in order to convict preserve mothers who are guilty of committing a crime. Perverse mothers may continuously deny their act of female perversion, as in Andrea Yates case due to delusional thoughts about Satan, but they are not free from being legally punished for their socially unacceptable behaviour. Rapaport (2006) suggests that when maternal infanticide is classified by psychiatrists as a form of postpartum mental illness or psychosis, suspected mothers who are positive for postpartum mental illness or psychosis should be given the privilege to receive psychiatric treatment (Rapaport 2006). In line with this, Spinelli (2004) highly recommended the need to make use of formal DSM-IV diagnostic criteria when scrutinizing a suspected mother for killing her infant and deciding for the level of punishment to be imposed on mentally ill person (Spinelli 2004). Considering the fact, as Hetherton (1999) highlights, that idealization of women could result to more under-reported cases particularly with regards to criminal issues wherein female perpetrators would sexually abuse a child, criminologists together with the assistance of social workers and school teachers should continuously educate children concerning ways on how they can protect themselves from abusive parents including issues related to perverse mothers. By teaching the victims of sexually and physically abusive parents on how they can report such cases to the authorities, the number of victimization caused by perverse women is more likely to decrease over time (Hhetherton 1999). Barnett (2006) and Motz (2001) , as noted previously, suggest that the factors which can trigger female perversion include hormonal imbalances causing mental illness, the early exposure to maternal abuse and neglect, alcoholism, the use of illegal drugs, and stress related to socio-economic problems (Barnett 2006; Motz 2001). For this reasons, the kind of punishment imposed on women who are convicted of murdering their children varies on case to case basis. Wilczynski (1997) notes that unlike men, the universal characteristic of ideal women is passive by nature. Since the publics perception of women is characterized by femininity, there is a lesser chance wherein perverse women and mothers will be accused of inflicting physical and emotional harm on their children. This is one of the main reasons why it has been a common legal practice in the United Kingdom that women who are found guilty of killing their own children are most likely to receive lesser punishment as compared to men (W ilczynski 1997). Up to the present time, there is on-going situation wherein perverse women and mothers are sexually abusing both male and female children. Since the cases of female perpetrators are often left unreported and considered by society as rare, there is a risk that the number of perverse female and mothers who are on the loose will continuously abuse children either sexually or physically (Peter 2008). The legal system in the United Kingdom strongly recognizes the possible link between maternal mental illness with maternal infanticide and child homicide. Since there are cases wherein perverse mothers and young women who are convicted of murdering their children are using insanity as a defence for murder or child abuse, criminologists in UK should be able to learn more ways on how they can improve their ability to differentiate perverse mothers from those mothers who are suffering from mental illnesses caused by postpartum. By psychiatrists to strengthen their ability to detect postpartum-related mental disorder and psychosis, there is a higher chance wherein the accused perverse mothers will be able to receive proper medical treatment and free themselves from the punishment of life-time imprisonment. As Raitt and Zeedyk (2004) suggest there is a very thin line that separates innocent women from perverse women who are guilty of murdering or physically harming their own children. Considering the fact that idealization of motherhood can enable perverse women and mothers who has just given birth to a baby to mislead the authorities by acting similar to mothers with postpartum mental disorders, criminologists should take it as a challenge to focus on determining the truth by gathering concrete evidences that will prove whether or not perverse women or perverse mothers are guilty of a crime. To prevent false accusations or wrong judgment, it is important on the part of criminologists to make use of medication intervention such as autopsy in order to determine whether the death of an infant was intention or merely caused by unexplainable infant death syndrome (Raitt and Zeedyk 2004). *** End ***